![]() Hence, we may claim that values are part of discourses and are thus integrated within texts in everyday life. Texts reflect what is socially accepted, desired and valued. The ‘system’ is possible to investigate through certain techniques suitable for finding the link between the textual expressions and the more constituent and regulative system. We therefore understand discourse analysis as ‘a system for carrying out a set of statements and praxices … appearing to be more or less normal, constitutive of reality for its carriers and with a certain degree of regularity in a set of social relations’ (Neumann, 2021, p. Discourse is often intuitive and taken for granted, describing why things are the way they are. As such, we can say that discourse is the established and obvious narrative of a phenomenon. ![]() The analysis then consists primarily of interpreting these understandings to find shared and possibly hidden values or values in practice. There can be underlying (and to some extent hidden) prevailing perceptions, opinions and understandings that are baked into the text. The texts contain representations and intentionality. However, an analytical approach to discourse analysis is more than simply text analysis (Neumann, 2021). Minutes from meetings, interviews, talks, annual and strategic reports, e-mails and Facebook messages are all sources for analysis. Texts are pervasive and naturally occurring features of everyday and institutional life. In this chapter, readers are offered a framework for placing their own research projects within the three traditions of discourse analysis. The description of the approaches to discourse analysis gives the reader an understanding of the available choices of approaches within discourse analysis and how the different theoretical groundings make way for identifying values differently. The different approaches are analysed and presented through an example text discussing the managerial model of trust-based leadership within the public sector in Scandinavia. The three approaches are structural-semantic discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis and discursive psychology. ![]() Discourse analysis is presented here by three traditions with different theoretical and methodological connotations. To elaborate on this, we describe what discourse analysis is by drawing on theoretical contributions and earlier writings on the approach. ![]() The aim of this chapter is to show how values can be identified through discourse analysis. ![]()
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